Immunology Review Corner

Immunology Review Corner: Chapter 68 of the 6th edition of Middleton’s Allergy Principles and Practice, edited by N. Franklin Adkinson, et al.

Prepared by Karla R. Davis, Walter Reed Medical Center, and J. Michael Norvell, Vanderbilt University

Chapter 68: Asthma in Infancy and Childhood

1. Which of the following best represents the percentage of children who experience only transient wheezing prior to 2 years of age?

A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 20%
D. 25%

2. Which of the following best represents the percentage of children with asthma who develop symptoms within their first year of life?

A. 10%
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 80%

3. Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for the development of asthma in inner-city African American children have been evaluated using obstetric, perinatal, and pediatric records. Which of the following is the strongest independent predictor of asthma?

A. Maternal smoking during pregnancy
B. Low maternal weight gain
C. Positive-pressure ventilation at birth
D. Maternal history of asthma


4. Cord blood mononuclear cells from children destined to be at increased risk of developing allergic diseases or asthma produce decreased quantities of which of the following cytokines as compared with nonatopic control children?

A. IL-4
B. IL-5
C. IL-6
D. INF-gamma

5. Which of the following represents the duration of significant bronchodilation following administration of salmeterol?

A. 3-6 hours
B. 6-10 hours
C. 10-12 hours
D. 12-18 hours

6. Which of the following medications is a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor?

A. Montelukast
B. Zafirlukast
C. Zileuton
D. Pranlukast

7. Which of the following best represents the percentage of children who wheeze as infants who will go on to develop persistent wheezing after age 3 years?

A. 5 percent
B. 15 percent
C. 25 percent
D. 30 percent

8. Increasing asthma symptoms and reductions in home peak expiratory flow rates have been temporally associated with which of the following infections in school-age children?

A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
B. Influenza virus
C. Coronavirus
D. Rhinovirus

9. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
A. Dog allergen exposure in early life is linked to decreased risk of recurrent wheezing in children with no family history of asthma.
B. Early exposure to cat allergen increases the incidence of asthma as early as age 4.
C. Hospitalization rates for asthma in urban environments do not correlate with low median family income.
D. Hospitalization rates for children with asthma decreased from 1980-1999.

10. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding asthma and linear growth?
A. Delays in height attainment correlate with the severity of asthma.
B. Comparison of asthmatic children with their pubertal peers demonstrates a decreased growth potential.
C. Comparison of asthmatic children with their pubertal peers demonstrates a decreased eventual adult height attained.
D. Comparison of asthmatic children with their pubertal peers demonstrates a temporary relative slowing of growth velocity.

Answers:
1. C, page 1225
2. B, page 1226
3. D, page 1226
4. D, page 1229
5. D, page 1246
6. C, page 1249
7. B, page 1251
8. D, page 1227
9. A, page 1228
10. D, page 1235